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Clearwater Behavioral
Still clear lake at dawn

Clinical Editorial Review

Reviewed · April 2026

Addiction treatment information, reviewed against primary clinical sources.

Our editorial team evaluates every guide against ASAM Criteria, SAMHSA TIPs, CDC surveillance data, and peer-reviewed research. We publish the sources we used.

200+

Sources cited

21,500+

Verified facilities

Quarterly

Editorial review cycle

Primary sources referenced

SAMHSA CDC NIDA ASAM CMS KFF

Each guide is checked against these frameworks before publication

ASAM Criteria 4th edition
SAMHSA TIPs Clinical protocols
NIDA Peer-reviewed research
DSM-5-TR APA 2022
42 CFR Part 2 Privacy protection
2024 Parity Rule CMS / DOL / HHS

Methodology

How we produce a clinical guide

Every article on this site moves through a 5-stage editorial process before publication. We document the process because, in a field where misinformation is widespread, the authority of a guide is the sum of the sources it rests on.

  1. 01

    Draft by editor

    Staff editor writes the initial draft using a working outline derived from primary-source literature — SAMHSA TIPs, NIDA Research Reports, peer-reviewed journals, state regulatory filings.

  2. 02

    Source verification

    Every factual claim cross-checked against a primary source. Claims without a verifiable primary citation are either softened ("many programs report…") or removed.

  3. 03

    Clinical alignment review

    Treatment descriptions aligned with ASAM Criteria for levels of care, SAMHSA TIPs for specific interventions, DSM-5-TR for diagnostic terminology. Disagreements among clinical bodies are presented, not resolved.

  4. 04

    Transparent attribution

    Published under our institutional byline. No invented expert personas. When a named clinician contributes, their real credentials and a verifiable bio appear.

  5. 05

    Periodic refresh

    Guides covering regulatory or insurance topics reviewed at least annually. Every page displays its last-reviewed date. Material corrections are logged with a visible notice.

Clinical Framework

The standards our guidance rests on

Where the field has consensus, we follow it. Where it does not, we say so.

ASAM Criteria (4th ed.)

Six-dimension assessment framework used by licensed addiction programs to match patients to the right level of care — from outpatient (Level 1) through medically managed intensive inpatient (Level 4).

Source: asam.org

SAMHSA Treatment Improvement Protocols

Consensus clinical guidelines from the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. TIP 63 (Medications for Opioid Use Disorder) and TIP 45 (Detoxification) are particularly load-bearing for our coverage.

Source: samhsa.gov

DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022)

The diagnostic criteria our Self-Assessment tool is built on — 11 criteria graded across four clusters, severity tiered as mild / moderate / severe.

Source: psychiatry.org

NIDA Research Reports

National Institute on Drug Abuse synthesis of evidence on treatment effectiveness, relapse rates, and emerging interventions. Refreshed as new research is published.

Source: nida.nih.gov

Reader response

I work in benefits for a mid-sized hospital. I expected another marketing-dressed directory. Instead I found the sharpest summary of the 2024 parity rule I've seen outside the Federal Register — and the disclosure about helpline routing is more transparent than most peer sites. This is the page I now forward to HR colleagues.
Benefits administrator
Mid-sized hospital system, 4,500 employees · Denver, CO · shared with permission

Editorial Library

Recent guides

All guides

Directory

Find a verified treatment center

21,568+ licensed facilities sourced from the SAMHSA Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator. Refreshed quarterly.

Insurance

Coverage analysis for the 10 largest U.S. insurers

Deductibles, network adequacy, appeal paths, and specific MAT formulary notes — reviewed against the 2024 federal parity rule.

Editorial FAQ

Questions about our sourcing, voice, and disclosures.

Authority-first means being explicit about methodology. These are the process questions we get from clinicians, benefits administrators, and careful readers.

What does "evidence-based" mean in this context — and what does it not mean?

In clinical practice "evidence-based" refers to treatments for which outcome data from controlled studies exists, ideally replicated across populations. Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, cognitive behavioural therapy, contingency management, and family systems therapy all meet this bar. It does not mean "anything a program claims is supported by research" — a disturbing number of marketing brochures cite research loosely. Our editorial guideline: if a claim about an intervention cannot be tied to either (a) a SAMHSA TIP, (b) a NIDA Research Report, or (c) a peer-reviewed trial, it is phrased as a hypothesis, not a conclusion.

Why do you rely on ASAM Criteria rather than other frameworks?

ASAM Criteria (currently 4th edition, 2023) is the assessment framework used by licensed addiction programs across the United States and the one CMS-regulated plans refer to when evaluating "medical necessity" determinations under the 2024 parity rule. It is not perfect — it is an American framework, with known gaps in adolescent and co-occurring populations — but it is the current clinical lingua franca. We use it because the reader is likely to encounter it at intake, and because alignment with ASAM keeps our guidance compatible with what a clinician is actually going to say.

How does the 2024 federal parity rule change what insurance has to cover?

The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act final rule (issued September 2024) closed a set of loopholes that had allowed plans to impose non-quantitative treatment limits (NQTLs) on behavioural health care that were stricter than those applied to medical/surgical care. Plans must now document comparative analyses for any limit they apply, make those analyses available to members on request, and be able to justify prior-authorisation and network adequacy practices. In practical terms: denials that previously survived appeal now often fail, and plans are required to demonstrate — in writing — that their cost-control practices for SUD are no stricter than their medical-side practices.

Does medication-assisted treatment (MAT) really reduce mortality?

Yes, and the effect size is large. For opioid use disorder, methadone and buprenorphine maintenance reduce all-cause mortality by roughly 50% and overdose mortality by more — the evidence is summarised in NIDA Research Report series (2018, updated 2024) and a cumulative Cochrane review covering over 60 RCTs. The finding is stable across populations. Programs that discourage MAT are operating contrary to the current standard of care as defined by SAMHSA, NIDA, ASAM, and the World Health Organization.

What does "medically necessary" actually mean on an insurance determination?

Under the 2024 parity rule, "medically necessary" substance-use treatment means care that is (a) consistent with generally accepted standards of clinical practice, (b) matched to the patient's clinical presentation via a recognised assessment framework (ASAM Criteria for SUD), and (c) documented in a way a clinician applying those standards would recognise. If a denial letter does not explicitly address medical necessity using a named framework, that denial is typically appealable. The CMS sub-regulatory guidance released in January 2025 formalised the documentation requirements.

Who reviews the content on this site — and what are their credentials?

The editorial team is in-house, led by an editor with ten years of substance-use policy writing experience. Every page goes through a five-stage review (see methodology section above). Where a page draws on a specific clinical subject that requires licensed input — for example, medication safety or detoxification protocols — we commission review from a licensed addiction physician (board-certified in addiction medicine or addiction psychiatry) and name them on the page. We do not use fabricated expert personas. Our editorial policy has the full disclosure.

How do you handle corrections when something turns out to be wrong?

A material correction (a factual error that changes the meaning or could mislead a reader) is logged with a visible correction notice at the top of the affected page, dated, and the original text is preserved in a footnote rather than silently overwritten. A minor correction (typographical, broken link, formatting) is made silently. We publish a running corrections log as part of our editorial policy. This is a professional norm carried over from news publishing; we apply it because in a YMYL field the cost of a quietly corrected error is higher than the awkwardness of flagging it.

What is the disclosure on helpline routing and referral revenue?

When a reader calls our helpline and enters treatment at an in-network partner facility, we may earn a placement fee — the same financial model that funds most treatment-information websites. We disclose this transparently because hiding it creates bad incentives. Editorially, the helpline is staffed by licensed counsellors subject to 42 CFR Part 2 confidentiality, we route to in-network verified facilities only, and we publish SAMHSA's free helpline (1-800-662-HELP) alongside our own on every relevant page so the reader always has a free public alternative.
How this content was verified
Transparent process · No fictional personas

Facility data comes from SAMHSA’s National Directory and state licensing boards. Statistics are cross-referenced against CDC WONDER, NIDA, and peer-reviewed research. Every medical claim is checked against primary sources before publication. Corrections are processed within 48 hours.

SAMHSA-sourced facility data
CDC + NIDA statistical references
Updated June 2026
Editorial Policy